Aller, Lawrence H.; Hyung, Siek (19–ngày 23 tháng 11 năm 2001) [2001], Kwok, Sun; Dopita, Michael; Sutherland, Ralph, biên tập, “Historical Remarks on the Spectroscopic Analysis of Planetary Nebulae (invited review)”, Proceedings of the 209th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, Planetary Nebulae: Their Evolution and Role in the Universe (Canberra, Australia: Astronomical Society of the Pacific) 209: 15, Bibcode:2003IAUS..209...15A Kiểm tra giá trị ngày tháng trong: |date=, |year= / |date= mismatch (trợ giúp)
Allison, Mark (2006), Star clusters and how to observe them, Birkhäuser, tr. 56–8, ISBN978-1-84628-190-7
Bowen, I. S. (tháng 10 năm 1927), “The Origin of the Chief Nebular Lines”, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 39: 295–7, Bibcode:1927PASP...39..295B, doi:10.1086/123745
Frankowski, Adam; Soker, Noam (tháng 11 năm 2009), “Very late thermal pulses influenced by accretion in planetary nebulae”, New Astronomy 14 (8): 654–8, Bibcode:2009NewA...14..654F, arXiv:0903.3364, doi:10.1016/j.newast.2009.03.006, A planetary nebula (PN) is an expanding ionized circumstellar cloud that was ejected during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of the stellar progenitor.
Hora, Joseph L.; Latter, William B.; Allen, Lori E.; Marengo, Massimo; Deutsch, Lynne K.; Pipher, Judith L. (tháng 9 năm 2004), “Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Observations of Planetary Nebulae”, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 154 (1): 296–301, Bibcode:2004ApJS..154..296H, doi:10.1086/422820
Kwok, Sun; Su, Kate Y. L. (tháng 12 năm 2005), “Discovery of Multiple Coaxial Rings in the Quadrupolar Planetary Nebula NGC 6881”, The Astrophysical Journal 635 (1): L49–52, Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..49K, doi:10.1086/499332, We report the discovery of multiple two-dimensional rings in the quadrupolar planetary nebula NGC 6881. As many as four pairs of rings are seen in the bipolar lobes, and three rings are seen in the central torus. While the rings in the lobes have the same axis as one pair of the bipolar lobes, the inner rings are aligned with the other pair. The two pairs of bipolar lobes are likely to be carved out by two separate high-velocity outflows from the circumstellar material left over from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) wind. The two-dimensional rings could be the results of dynamical instabilities or the consequence of a fast outflow interacting with remnants of discrete AGB circumstellar shells.
Kwok, Sun; Koning, Nico; Huang, Hsiu-Hui; Churchwell, Edward (2006), Barlow, Michael J.; Méndez, biên tập, “Planetary nebulae in the GLIMPSE survey”, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Symposium #234, Planetary Nebulae in our Galaxy and Beyond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 2 (S234): 445–6, Bibcode:2006IAUS..234..445K, doi:10.1017/S1743921306003668, Planetary nebulae (PNs) have high dust content and radiate strongly in the infrared. For young PNs, the dust component accounts for ∼1/3 of the total energy output of the nebulae (Zhang & Kwok 1991). The typical color temperatures of PNs are between 100 and 200 K, and at λ >5 μm, dust begins to dominate over bound-free emission from the ionized component. Although PNs are traditionally discovered through examination of photographic plates or Hα surveys, PNs can also be identified in infrared surveys by searching for red objects with a rising spectrum between 4–10 μm. |tên 3= thiếu |họ 3= trong Editors list (trợ giúp)
Liu, X.-W.; Storey, P. J.; Barlow, M. J.; Danziger, I. J.; Cohen, M.; Bryce, M. (tháng 3 năm 2000), “NGC 6153: a super–metal–rich planetary nebula?”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 312 (3): 585–628, Bibcode:2000MNRAS.312..585L, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03167.x
Maciel, W. J.; Costa, R. D. D.; Idiart, T. E. P. (tháng 10 năm 2009), “Planetary nebulae and the chemical evolution of the Magellanic Clouds”, Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica 45: 127–37, Bibcode:2009RMxAA..45..127M, arXiv:0904.2549, These objects are produced by low and intermediate mass stars, with main sequence masses roughly between 0.8 and 8 M⊙, and present a reasonably large age and metallicity spread.
Majaess, D. J.; Turner, D.; Lane, D. (tháng 12 năm 2007), “In Search of Possible Associations between Planetary Nebulae and Open Clusters”, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 119 (862): 1349–60, Bibcode:2007PASP..119.1349M, arXiv:0710.2900, doi:10.1086/524414
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Mermilliod, J.-C.; Clariá, J. J.; Andersen, J.; Piatti, A. E.; Mayor, M. (tháng 8 năm 2001), “Red giants in open clusters. IX. NGC 2324, 2818, 3960 and 6259”, Astronomy and Astrophysics 375 (1): 30–9, Bibcode:2001A&A...375...30M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010845
Miszalski, B.; Jones, D.; Rodríguez-Gil, P.; Boffin, H. M. J.; Corradi, R. L. M.; Santander-García, M. (2011), “Discovery of close binary central stars in the planetary nebulae NGC 6326 and NGC 6778”, Astronomy and Astrophysics 531: A158, Bibcode:2011A&A...531A.158M, arXiv:1105.5731, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117084
Moore, S. L. (tháng 10 năm 2007), “Observing the Cat's Eye Nebula”, Journal of the British Astronomical Association 117 (5): 279–80, Bibcode:2007JBAA..117R.279M
Osterbrock, Donald E.; Ferland, G. J. (2005), Ferland, G. J., biên tập, Astrophysics of gaseous nebulae and active galactic nuclei, University Science Books, ISBN978-1-891389-34-4
Parker, Quentin A.; Acker, A.; Frew, D. J.; Hartley, M.; Peyaud, A. E. J.; Ochsenbein, F.; Phillipps, S.; Russeil, D.; Beaulieu, S. F.; Cohen, M.; Köppen, J.; Miszalski, B.; Morgan, D. H.; Morris, R. A. H.; Pierce, M. J.; Vaughan, A. E. (tháng 11 năm 2006), “The Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg Hα Planetary Nebula Catalogue: MASH”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 373 (1): 79–94, Bibcode:2006MNRAS.373...79P, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10950.x
Parker, Quentin A.; Frew, David J.; Miszalski, B.; Kovacevic, Anna V.; Frinchaboy, Peter.; Dobbie, Paul D.; Köppen, J. (tháng 5 năm 2011), “PHR 1315–6555: A bipolar planetary nebula in the compact Hyades-age open cluster ESO 96-SC04”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 413 (3): 1835–1844, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.413.1835P, arXiv:1101.3814, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18259.x
Reed, Darren S.; Balick, Bruce; Hajian, Arsen R.; Klayton, Tracy L.; Giovanardi, Stefano; Casertano, Stefano; Panagia, Nino; Terzian, Yervant (tháng 11 năm 1999), “Hubble Space Telescope Measurements of the Expansion of NGC 6543: Parallax Distance and Nebular Evolution”, Astronomical Journal 118 (5): 2430–41, Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2430R, arXiv:astro-ph/9907313, doi:10.1086/301091
Renzini, A. (1987), S. Torres-Peimbert, biên tập, “Thermal pulses and the formation of planetary nebula shells”, Proceedings of the 131st symposium of the IAU 131: 391–400, Bibcode:1989IAUS..131..391R
